articles 22 May, 2023

Types of columns in the building

Types of columns in the building-However, the idea of the column in Western civilizations originated from the classical

architecture of Greece and Rome; The column is probably the most recognizable aspect of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

Although their primary function is as structural support for buildings, the design of columns in ancient Greece and Rome changed

several times throughout antiquity. Classical columns were first designed by the architect Vitruvius (c. 15-70 BC). Further

descriptions were written in the late 1500s by Italian Renaissance architect Giacomo da Vignola.

Types of columns in the structure

By definition, a column is a vertical member that transfers structural loads from beams and slabs to foundations. as

Typically, the effective depth of a column is more than three times the lateral dimension; Columns bear axial loads under compression.
In fact, columns are very important components of a structure and the failure of columns leads to the collapse of the structure.

Different types of columns are used in structures and they can be classified based on different conditions, which include:

Shape؛
Reinforcement type؛
Load types؛
Materials؛

Different columns according to the figure

Based on the shape, the columns can be placed in the following categories:

square – rectangle

In terms of shape, square or rectangular columns are mostly used in building construction. These types of columns are economical and easy to build due to easy door and armature installation.

circular

In contrast, more circular columns in piling in order to make it possible to raise the height of the buildings for purposes

Aesthetics are used. In circular columns, more than 4 steel bars are used as reinforcement.

The important point is that the bending strength of a circular column is higher than that of a square or rectangular column, and apart from buildings, circular columns are widely used in bridge construction due to their high resistance.

L shape

L-type columns are used in the construction of border walls, turning subway rails and construction of flyovers.

T shape

Similar to square and rectangular columns, T-type columns are mostly used in the construction of bridges and retaining walls.

y shape

Y-shaped columns are mostly used in the construction of bridges and flyovers.

Classification of columns based on reinforcement method

According to the strengthening method, the columns of buildings can be placed in the following types:

silent

The most widely used type of column in urban structures is narrow column or quiet column. These columns have lateral constrictions and these constrictions are repeated approximately and uniformly throughout the column. The distance of the ties is limited in that they must be close enough to prevent the failure of the elements between them and be far enough apart to not interfere with the setting of the concrete. If the distance between the joints is too large, the column will suffer shear failure and buckling between the joints. If the distance between the joints is too large, the column will undergo shear failure and barreling between the joints.

spiral

When circular columns are reinforced with spiral reinforcements at close and uniform spacing, they are known as spiral columns. The helix acts to provide support in the transverse direction and prevent the column from buckling. Reinforced spiral columns usually use 6 reinforcement as longitudinal reinforcement.

Compound column

These columns are made of structural steel or cast iron column enclosed with concrete, reinforced with longitudinal and spiral reinforcements. Composite columns are mostly used in truss structures to prevent steel corrosion.

Gravity Column

The gravity column system is a set of frames designed to separate the lateral resistance system from the vertical load resistant system. This innovative system of the Americans has been used in various projects such as structures near the fault or on the fault line in the vicinity of the University of Buffalo in the state of New York.

Classification of structural columns based on the type of loading

Columns can be classified in different forms and methods, one of which is based on the type of loading. Based on this, they can be separated into the following types.

Types of columns based on materials

The materials required for the building and their differences are considered one of the main methods of classifying the columns, and therefore, two general groups of concrete and steel can be considered for them.

concrete column

In a very simple definition, concrete columns are the result of molding a reinforcement jacket, which is then poured with concrete. When the concrete is dry, the molds are removed and the result is a concrete column with the waiting armatures sticking out.

Concrete columns can be divided into three categories: foundations, short reinforced columns and long reinforced columns. The minimum size of the concrete column should be 9 x 9. In other words, the minimum size of the concrete column section is 225 mm x 225 mm.

Metal column

A steel column is a member of a vertical structure that is used in construction to provide necessary support. They may carry the load in compression or may transfer stress from parts such as beams, roofs, floor slabs or ceilings to floors or foundations. The steel column may also have bending anchors near the section axes

Different types of steel columns are used in building construction; Each type is classified based on certain conditions, which are as follows:

Columns based on section or shape
Columns based on column height and section.

The difference between a concrete column and a steel column

Today, there are various choices for constructing structures and advancing building construction stages, but steel and steel column design is still a common choice. Its structure is more durable, flexible and stable than the concrete structure; Also, steel columns are usually lighter and faster to build than concrete columns.

On the other hand, the traditional concrete structure is usually .cheaper compared to the rest of the beam, in some .climates such as Sharjah, it is a more reasonable choice and increases the life of the structure.

Reinforced concrete can easily resist solar radiation, sea water, excessive humidity and wear. Steel can also withstand these conditions, but is vulnerable to corrosion. The use of additional protective measures, such as paint, coating or a sandblasting layer, is necessary to prevent corrosion of the steel. On the other hand, the price of concrete, unlike the price of iron materials, such as the price of construction profiles, does not fluctuate much over the years.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]